As the global climate talks of COP30 fade into the distance, the field of international cooperation looks more fragmented than ever. While nations declared ambitions, from tripling adaptation finance to new pledges on forest protection, they stopped short of firm commitments on fossil-fuel phase-out or a binding deforestation roadmap. The result is a fragile compromise: progress on some fronts, but an absence of clarity, consistency, and mutual accountability.
For companies, banks, and insurers, that political uncertainty, over what will be regulated, when and how, is increasingly overshadowed by a more fundamental concern: financial and corporate stability under rising systemic risk. The emerging science of resilience and the growing financial evidence behind it are beginning to converge.
At COP30, global finance ministers and central bankers warned that climate-related shocks are no longer peripheral to macroeconomic health. While international diplomacy struggles to keep pace, financial markets are quietly redefining what constitutes value. Across the private sector, resilience is emerging as the next performance benchmark.
Why Efficiency Is The New Fragility
For decades, efficiency has been the dominant corporate mantra. Lean supply chains, just-in-time inventories, and cost optimization were the hallmarks of success. Yet in a world of overlapping disruptions, pandemics, geopolitical tensions, and climate extremes, efficiency without flexibility has become fragility.
This shift in mindset sits at the heart of the new Resilience Science Must-Knows report from Future Earth, the Global Resilience Partnership and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. The study distills forty years of resilience research into nine essential insights, defining resilience as “the ability to live and develop with change and crises.”
Lead author and associate professor at the Stockholm Resilience Centre, Albert Norström, told me, “Resilience is often misunderstood as simply returning to the status quo after a shock. But in today’s world, the status quo is often part of the problem. The Resilience Science Must-Knows clarify that resilience is about living and developing with change and crises, and sometimes transforming systems entirely.” He added, “Leaders can no longer plan for stability alone; they must plan for uncertainty. That means investing in systems that can cope, adapt, and transform, and not just withstand shocks but evolve through them.”
When Insurers Pull Back, Risk Becomes Real
The consequences of that shift are already visible in financial markets. As climate-driven disasters multiply, traditional risk-transfer models are under strain. Munich Re’s latest research warns that loss ratios are rising sharply in major economies, including the United States, Italy, and other European nations — highlighting that risk is becoming systemic, not local.
Researchers are warning that climate change is now pushing traditional insurance models to their limits, forcing underwriters to rethink exposure or retreat from entire categories of coverage. In the United States, insurers have pulled out of parts of California and Florida as wildfire and hurricane losses mounted. Across Southern Europe, insurers such as AXA and Munich Re have raised premiums sharply or scaled back coverage after successive wildfire and flood seasons, while governments in Italy and Greece are exploring public–private risk pools to keep markets afloat. In Asia-Pacific, the Insurance Council of Australia warned that extreme-weather claims have doubled in five years, pushing insurers to invest directly in resilient infrastructure rather than rely solely on risk transfer.
The result has been ripple effects across property and credit markets: assets once considered safe are becoming uninsurable, mortgages riskier and local economies more exposed. Some firms are already acting on that logic — investing in diversified supply chains, circular resource models and adaptive infrastructure to build resilience into their operations. Risk, once externalized through insurance, is returning to balance sheets, and resilience is fast becoming a new form of market discipline.
A Systemic View Of Resilience
As financial systems confront physical risk, researchers are drawing on decades of resilience science to explain what makes societies and markets capable of absorbing shocks and evolving through them. Resilience is no longer simply about withstanding those shocks but about the ability to ‘bounce forward’ so that societies, organizations, and ecosystems emerge stronger and better aligned with future conditions, not merely restored to the old normal. This distinguishes transformative resilience from reactive recovery.
As researcher on social-ecological resilience at the Global Resilience Partnership and Stockholm Resilience Center and report co-author Cibele Queiroz explains, “It is also not really an end goal, but a continuous dynamic process of learning from the past, and combining that knowledge with new elements through experimenting and innovating in ways that are better suited to address new challenges.”
She also cautioned that resilience without equity is unstable. “Equitable resilience acknowledges that whenever you do an intervention resilience outcomes are profoundly shaped by unequal distribution of power and benefits. Building equitable resilience means asking ‘Resilient for whom, by whom, and at what cost?’” Queiroz said.
“The gains of investing in resilience include, but go far beyond, economic benefits. Investing in nature and building resilience of natural ecosystems is the critical basis for economic and social development,” she added. For business and finance, these insights have clear implications. Systems that exploit, exclude, or erode trust are not resilient, they are vulnerable by design.
The Economics Of Resilience
If science has defined what resilience is, economics is beginning to measure what it is worth. A report by Systemiq, The Returns on Resilience, quantifies the economic payoff of adaptation and resilience investments. It found that every dollar invested in resilience delivers, on average, four dollars in benefits, with an annual return rate of 25%. Scaling such investments could create more than 280 million jobs by 2035 and expand the global resilience market to over one trillion dollars by 2030.
Guido Schmidt-Traub, partner at Systemiq and co-lead of the report, said, “Resilience is the bedrock of prosperity, yet it remains the most undervalued investment of our time. Our financial rules still constrain it instead of enabling it. We need to rewrite the rules, recognize the true returns on resilience, and unlock the scale of finance vulnerable nations and sectors need.”
The report also warns that for every dollar spent on resilient infrastructure, eighty-seven still flow into assets that ignore climate and nature risks. This imbalance represents both a policy failure and a market opportunity. Correcting it will require better pricing of risk, more transparent disclosure, and clearer incentives for investment that strengthens resilience rather than eroding it.
From The Triple Dividend To Institutional Practice
Economists have been quantifying the benefits of resilience for more than a decade. The foundations trace back to the Triple Dividend of Resilience framework developed by the ODI and the World Bank, which demonstrated how resilience investments deliver avoided losses, productivity gains, and broader social and environmental benefits.
Albert Norström articulated this logic, explaining, “Resilience investments can avoid direct losses, create enabling conditions for economic growth and innovation, and deliver social and environmental co-benefits all at once. For business and finance, this is both about seeing risk differently and redefining value.”
Dr. Harald Heubaum of SOAS University of London, one of the framework’s leading researchers, told me, “Without systemic resilience we’re just moving from crisis to crisis and can’t sustain long-term growth. There is now clear evidence that resilience pays and has real economic benefits, but we need to integrate this knowledge into investment decisions and fiscal frameworks so it becomes a natural part of how governments and businesses make every decision.”
His point underscores a growing consensus: resilience must move from a project mindset to a structural one, embedded in every budget, balance sheet, and policy review.
Barriers To Change
Yet translating this logic into action remains slow. For every dollar invested in adaptation, roughly ten go into mitigation and eighty-seven into non-resilient assets. Structural barriers persist: short-term market horizons, weak incentives, and the chronic mispricing of climate risk. One of the biggest challenges in emerging markets is the high cost of borrowing for both the public and private sector, up to 2-3x that in the global North.
The cost of capital is a deterrent for many investors, but so too are the time horizons for payback. Resilience investments often face the same challenge as adaptation projects: returns can take time to materialize, and financial value is difficult to quantify. For now, many investors still view resilience as an unproven category, lacking the standardized metrics and reporting frameworks that carbon accounting or ESG investing enjoy.
Overcoming this inertia will require both policy reform and market innovation. Capital adequacy rules, fiscal reporting, and credit-rating methodologies all need to better reflect climate exposure. Financial institutions are already experimenting with resilience bonds, blended finance vehicles and adaptive credit instruments, but uptake remains slow. Without stronger incentives, the resilience dividend may well remain a missed opportunity – another concept everyone endorses in theory but few budget for in practice.
The Decade of Resilience
Science and finance are aligning around a new definition of competitiveness, one that values the ability to adapt, evolve, and stay strong under pressure rather than chase short-term gains.
As Schmidt-Traub says, “Resilience is both a growth strategy and an insurance policy. It reduces losses, drives innovation, and builds confidence in the future.” In an age defined by disruption, resilience is not the opposite of risk, it is the foundation of enduring value. In the decade ahead, competitiveness will belong to those who treat resilience not as a reaction, but as a design principle for thriving under uncertainty.